Enhancing visibility through fog

A technique is proposed for enhancing visibility through dense fog. The technique assumes that retroreflecting elements are present in the field obscured by fog. An infrared laser beam scans the scene and the retroreflected light is focused, detected and suitably employed to obtain an instant picture of all retroreflectors facing the point of observation. The first experimental results are encouraging.     

激光雷达对中层顶大气密度起伏的探测

利用钠荧光散射激光雷达对中层顶（７５～１０５ｋｍ）高度的钠原子层进行探测，以钠原子作为示踪物，通过反演得到了该区域大气密度起伏随高度分布和随时间变化关系．结果表明，中层顶附近大气密度起伏远大于平流层和对流层，在２ｈ内，密度起伏可达５％，３日平均Ｒｉｃｈｏｒｄｓｏｎ数为０．４６．     

具有一层空气隙的矩形微带天线谱域导抗法

对具有一层空气隙的矩形微带天线进行了分析，利用谱域导抗矩阵推导出谱域中的并矢格林函数，利用伽略金法导出了谐振频率的本征方程，并从基片上表面切向电场分量的傅里叶变换直接得出辐射方向图．本文计算出的谐振频率和辐射方向图与其它的理论数值及文献中的测量结果相比较，其一致性很好．     

Design of Microstrip Antennas with Composite Laminates Considering Their Structural Rigidity

Two types of conformal load-bearing antenna structures (CLAS) were designed with microwave composite laminates and Nomex honeycomb cores to secure both the structural rigidity and a good electrical performance. One was a 4 × 8 array for the synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) system and the other was a 5 × 2 array for the wireless local-area network (LAN) system. The design was based on a wide bandwidth, high polarization purity, low losses, and high structural rigidity. The design, fabrication, and structural/electrical performances of the antenna structures were studied. Their flexural behavior was examined by three-point bending, impact, and buckling tests. The electrical measurements were in a good agreement with simulation results. The complex antenna structures obtained have good flexural characteristics. The design of this antenna structure is extended to give a useful guide for sandwich panel manufacturers as well as antenna designers.     

The effects of rain clutter on millimeter radar performance

The effects of rain clutter on millimeter radar performance are investigated at 35, 94 and 140GHz frequencies, including rain attenuation, radar reflectivity, maximum radar range and equivalent target cross section.     

Study of backscattering from a complex scatterer at 3mm wave band

The backscattering characteristics of complex scatterer has been studied theoretically at 3 mm wavelength for the first time. RCS of the practial complex scatterer was calculated with GTD and the physical optics. The constrict model was also measured. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical calculations.     

Modelling of DC Electric Fields Induced by RF Sheath in Front of ICRF Antenna

Reducing the ICRH (ion cyclotron range frequency) antenna-plasma interaction is one of the key points for reaching very long tokamak discharges. One problem which limits such discharges, is the appearance of hot spots on the surface of the antenna: Radio Frequency (RF) sheaths modify the properties of the edge plasma by rectifying the RF potential along open magnetic field lines and can induce hot spots. This paper investigates the corrections to sheath potentials introduced by the interactions between adjacent flux tubes. Our theoretical study started from an oscillating double Langmuir probe model, in which a transverse influx of current was included. This model was confronted with 1D PIC simulations along a magnetic field line, and demonstrated that current exchanges can decrease mean potentials. A 2D electrostatic fluid code was then developed, which couples adjacent flux tubes in a poloidal cross section with collisional conductivity or polarization currents. It showed that transverse currents are able to smooth structures smaller than a characteristic size in the sheath potential maps (results for Tore Supra). These computed rectified potentials can be used to obtain the DC electric fields in front of the antenna. And then, it gives an estimate of the particle drift and the energy flux on the antenna structure, which can explain hot spots.     

改进型COBRA透镜天线的设计

 设计了X波段COBRA透镜型天线，利用电磁波在不同介质传播速度的差异，通过放置于圆锥喇叭口径处不同厚度的介质透镜改变TM₀₁模不同扇区的相位，从而改变TM₀₁模在普通喇叭口径处的轴对称分布，将轴对称的口径场分布转换为线对称，进而实现线极化或圆极化的轴向辐射。通过添加匹配介质，减小介质对微波的反射和驻波特性的影响；延伸喇叭到透镜边缘，使移相过程在波导内完成，有效地控制了电磁场模式。天线增益在中心工作频率为9.3 GHz时为19 dB，口径效率25%，辐射效率大于90%，反射系数小于1.3，轴比小于2 dB, 3 dB相对带宽大于30%，几乎可以覆盖整个X波段。     

Millimeter wave backscatter measurements in support of collision avoidance applications

Millimeter-wave short range radar systems have unique advantages in surface navigation applications, such as military vehicle mobility, aircraft landing assistance, and automotive collision avoidance. In collision avoidance applications, characterization of clutter due to terrain and roadside objects is necessary in order to maximize the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) and to minimize false alarms. The results of two types of radar cross section (RCS) measurements at 95 GHz are reported in this paper. The first set of measurements presents data on the normalized RCS (NRCS) as well as clutter distributions of various terrain types at low grazing angles of 5° and 7.5°. The second set of measurements presents RCS data and statistics on various types of roadside objects, such as metallic and wooden sign posts. These results are expected to be useful for designers of short-range millimeter-wave collision avoidance radar systems. Brett Snuttjer is presently an Air Force Lieutenant at Rome Laboratory, Rome, NY 13441     

机载激光海深勘测系统的发展

机载激光海洋测深系统对快速而便宜地绘制沿海海图和探测潜艇有重要意义。本文综述该系统的优缺点、工作原理及研制状况。